Modificación del almidón, nanoalmidón y su aplicación en lodos de perforación

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dc.contributor.advisorMuñoz Prieto, Efren de Jesússpa
dc.contributor.advisorPalacios Alquisira, Joaquínspa
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez Pineda, Lina María
dc.date.accessioned2019-03-29T16:29:56Z
dc.date.available2019-03-29T16:29:56Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description1 recurso en línea (75 páginas) : ilustraciones color, figuras, tablas.spa
dc.description.abstractStarch is a naturally occurring polymer with unique physicochemical properties and yet some key structural properties of starch that can be modified to meet specific requirements. The transition from starch to nano-starch and subsequent chemical modification provides a variety of benefits such as greater thermal stability and lower biodegradability. The preparation of potato starch nanoparticles (NPA) were prepared with combined methods of acid hydrolysis and sonication, after the NPA was made two modifications, a copolymer of potato starch nanoparticles grafted with polyacrylamide by free radicals, using persulfate of potassium (PSP), as initiator and carboxymethyl nano-starch of potato using potassium hydroxide as the activating agent and monochloroacetic acid as the esterifying agent, the two preparations were carried out by microwave irradiation. The true size of the nanoparticles could not be determined by SEM, because it presented agglomerations, the NPA obtained were amorphous, which indicated that the ultrasound affected the crystalline zones of the starch. The confirmation of the modification of the potato starch nanoparticles was observed by the presence of new bands in the infrared spectrum (FTIR), for the copolymer in 3191 and 1649 cm-1, the presence of the NH group and C = O respectively, and for the carboxymethyl nano-starch the presence of the carbonyl group at 1595 and 1406 cm-1. Finally, the grafted copolymer NPA-i-PAM (MCI-2) and carboxymethyl nano-starch potato (CMNPA), prepared above, were added and added to a water-based bentonite mud (8%), where an increase in viscosity was observed and decreased filtrate loss by 45 and 32% respectively, which indicated that these products could be used as additives in drilling muds as viscosifying and filtering reducing agents.eng
dc.description.abstractEl almidón es un polímero de origen natural con propiedades fisicoquímicas únicas y sin embargo, algunas propiedades estructurales claves del almidón que pueden modificarse para satisfacer requisitos específicos. El paso del almidón a nanoalmidón y posterior modificación química proporciona una variedad de beneficios como mayor estabilidad térmica y menor biodegradabilidad. La preparación de nano partículas de almidón de papa (NPA) se realizó mediante métodos combinados de hidrolisis acida y sonicación, posteriormente a las NPA se le realizaron dos modificaciones, un copolímero de nanopartículas de almidón de papa injertado con poliacrilamida mediante radicales libres, usando persulfato de potasio (PSP), como iniciador y carboximetil nanoalmidón de papa usando hidróxido de potasio como agente de activación y ácido monocloroacético como agente esterificante, las dos preparaciones se realizaron mediante irradiación de microondas. El tamaño de real de las nanopartículas no logro ser determinado por SEM, debido a que presentaba aglomeraciones, las NPA obtenidas fueron amorfas, lo que indico que el ultrasonido afecto las zonas cristalinas del almidón. La confirmación de la modificación de las nanopartículas de almidón de papa se observó mediante la presencia de nuevas bandas en el espectro infrarrojo (FTIR), para el copolimero en 3191 y 1649 cm-1, la presencia del grupo N-H y C=O respectivamente, y para el carboximetil nanoalmidón la presencia del grupo carbonilo en 1595 y 1406 cm-1. Finalmente se tomo el copolimero injertado NPA-i-PAM (MCI-2) y carboximetil nanoalmidón de papa (CMNPA), preparados anteriormente y se añadieron a un lodo bentonita base agua (8%), donde se observó un aumento en la viscosidad y disminuyo la perdida de filtrado en un 45 y 32 % respectivamente, lo que indicaron que estos productos podrán ser utilizados como aditivos en los lodos de perforación como agentes viscosificantes y reductores de filtrado.spa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Químicaspa
dc.description.notesBibliografía: páginas 70-74.spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.citationRodríguez Pineda, L. M. (2017). Modificación del almidón, nanoalmidón y su aplicación en lodos de perforación. (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2507spa
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2507
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias. Escuela de Posgrados. Maestría en Químicaspa
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dc.rightsCopyright (c) 2017 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiaspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.armarcNanoalmidones
dc.subject.armarcSíntesis de polímeros
dc.subject.armarcProcesamiento de polímeros
dc.subject.armarcPolímeros
dc.subject.armarcPolímeros vegetales
dc.subject.armarcMaestría en Química - Tesis y disertaciones académicas
dc.titleModificación del almidón, nanoalmidón y su aplicación en lodos de perforaciónspa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85spa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionspa
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