Estudio del efecto de los parámetros de síntesis sobre las propiedades físicoquímicas y fotocatalíticas de sistemas Pt-F-TiO2

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dc.contributor.advisorMurcia Mesa, Julie Joseanespa
dc.contributor.advisorRojas Sarmiento, Hugo Alfonsospa
dc.contributor.authorCely Macias, Angela Carolina
dc.date.accessioned2019-03-27T22:29:20Z
dc.date.available2019-03-27T22:29:20Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description1 recurso en línea (87 páginas) : ilustraciones color, figuras, tablas.spa
dc.description.abstractCurrently, Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most used materials in different fields, such as: materials engineering, environment and electronics. This material has attracted the attention of hundreds of chemists, physicists, and engineers who have explored the properties of this oxide as a semiconductor and catalyst, it has been applied in pigments, as support in catalysis, photoconductors, dielectric materials, paints, and personal care products, among others. Titanium dioxide is the most commonly used semiconductor in photocatalytic processes and different strategies have been employed to improve the physicochemical properties and photo efficiency of this oxide; within these strategies are different methods of synthesis and surface modification treatments; from these treatments it is possible to modify the crystal size, particle size, surface area, amount of hydroxyl groups and band-gap. From these properties it is possible to obtain TiO2 with high efficiency in the degradation of toxic organic compounds and in the elimination of microbial species present in different contaminated environments. The main objective of this research was focused on the study of the effect of the synthesis parameters on the physicochemical properties of the obtained materials. Initially, the obtention of TiO2 was evaluated by two methods: Hydrothermal and Sol-gel, commercial TiO2 was also used as a reference material. In addition, and in order to improve their photocatalytic properties, these oxides were modified by fluorization treatment and subsequent addition of platinum nanoparticles. In order to obtain information about the physical and chemical properties, a complete characterization of the materials obtained was carried out; different techniques were employed to achieve this objetive: X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption (SBET), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), Spectrophotometry UV-Vis diffuse reflectance (UV-Vis DRS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The thesis of Master in Chemistry was developed in the Grupo de Catálisis de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia and to advance some of the physicochemical analysis involved in the experimental work, it was supported by different institutions such as the Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales (INCITEMA), Universidad Industrial de Santender (UIS), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (ICMS). All of the above derive in the obtaining of a very complete research work and of great contribution in the subject of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis applied in the treatment of industrial wastewater. This work was financed by the Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia and Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento para la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación, Fondo Francisco José de Caldas (COLCIENCIAS), this institution funded the author's studies of the Master's Degree of the present work. The thesis document is divided into 4 main sections, the first of which corresponds to the conceptual and theoretical component within which the work was framed, a second section includes the description of the experimental development, the results and analyzes obtained from the characterization of photocatalytic materials and finally the results of the effectiveness of these materials in the treatment of commercial anilines and industrial effluents derived from the handicraft industry in the town of Nobsa, department of Boyacá. In general, the characterization made it possible to observe that the modifications made to titanium dioxide alter its physicochemical properties and give new properties to this oxide, which allows it to be more active in environmental decontamination processes. Regarding the effectiveness of the photocatalytic materials synthesized, it was observed that the fluorinated catalysts favor the formation of the Anatase crystalline phase, allowing a greater degradation of the commercial anilines and a high rate of elimination of pathogenic microorganisms present in the wastewater analyzed. It was also observed that the addition of Pt in the photocatalytic materials represents for many authors a positive strategy in the improvement of the effectiveness; in the present investigation it was possible to determine that the homogeneous dispersion of the particles is related to the surface area and the Anatase phase; Regarding the effectiveness of the photocatalytic materials synthesized, it was generally observed that in the fluorinated photocatalysts the formation of the Anatase crystalline phase is favored, allowing a greater degradation of the commercial anilines and a high rate of elimination of pathogenic microorganisms present in the wastewater analyzed. This represents an important contribution in the search for solutions to the environmental problems currently facing the department and will be an interesting alternative that encourages applied research and encourages the University - Government - Company - Community. Resulting in active materials in the visible region. These results will be discussed in detail throughout this document.eng
dc.description.abstractEl dióxido de titanio (TiO2) es uno de los materiales más utilizados en los últimos años, en diferentes campos como la ingeniería de materiales, el medio ambiente y la electrónica. Este material ha llamado la atención de cientos de químicos, físicos, e ingenieros quienes han explorado las propiedades de este óxido como semiconductor y catalizador, este se ha aplicado en pigmentos, soporte en catálisis, fotoconductores, materiales dieléctricos, pinturas, productos del cuidado personal, etc. El dióxido de titanio es el semiconductor más utilizado en procesos fotocatalíticos y a lo largo de los años se han empleado diferentes estrategias orientadas al mejoramiento sus propiedades físicoquímicas y de fotoeficiencia, dentro de las estrategias empleadas se encuentran diferentes métodos de síntesis y tratamientos de modificación superficial; a partir de estos tratamientos es posible modificar el tamaño de cristal, tamaño de partícula, área superficial, cantidad de grupos hidroxilo y band-gap. A partir de estas propiedades es posible obtener TiO2 con alta eficiencia en la degradación de compuestos orgánicos tóxicos y en la eliminación de especies microbianas presentes en diferentes ambientes contaminados. El objetivo principal de esta investigación se centró en el estudio del efecto de los parámetros de síntesis sobre las propiedades físicoquímicas de los materiales obtenidos. Inicialmente, se evaluó la obtención del dióxido de titanio a través de dos metodologías: Hidrotermal y Sol-gel, también se usó como material de referencia el TiO2 comercial; adicionalmente, y a fin de mejorar sus propiedades fotocatalíticas, éstos óxidos se modificaron con un tratamiento de Fluorización y posterior adición de nanopartículas de platino. Con el fin de obtener información de las propiedades físico-químicas de los materiales obtenidos a través de la modificación de los parámetros de síntesis bajo estudio se realizó una completa caracterización morfológica y estructural usando diferentes técnicas como: Difracción de rayos-X (DRX), Adsorción-desorción de N2 (SBET), Espectrometría de fluorescencia de rayos-X (FRX), Espectrofotometría UV-Vis de reflectancia difusa (UV-Vis DRS), Microscopía Electrónica de transmisión (TEM), Espectroscopia fotoelectrónica de rayos-X (XPS) y Espectroscopia infrarroja con transformada de Fourier (FT-IR). La tesis de Maestría en Química fue desarrollada en el grupo de Catálisis de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC) y para adelantar algunos de los análisis fisicoquímicos involucrados en el trabajo experimental se contó con el apoyo de diferentes instituciones como el Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales de la UPTC (INCITEMA), Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla - España (ICMS). Todo lo anterior derivó en la obtención de un trabajo de investigación muy completo y de gran aporte en la temática de la Fotocatálisis Heterogénea aplicada al tratamiento de efluentes contaminados derivados de la industria de artesanías. El trabajo desarrollado contó con el financiamiento de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia y del Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento para la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación, Fondo Francisco José de Caldas (COLCIENCIAS), esta institución también financió los estudios de Maestría de la autora del presente trabajo. El documento de Tesis se encuentra presentado en 4 secciones principales, la primera de ellas corresponde al componente conceptual y teórico dentro del que se enmarcó el trabajo de investigación, una segunda sección incluye la descripción del desarrollo experimental, posteriormente se describen los análisis y resultados obtenidos de la caracterización de los materiales fotocatalíticos y por último se presentan los resultados de la efectividad de estos materiales en el tratamiento de anilinas comerciales y efluentes industriales derivados de la industria de artesanías en la población de Nobsa en el departamento de Boyacá. En general, la caracterización realizada permitió observar que los métodos sol-gel e hidrotermal son viables para la obtención de TiO2 activo y efectivo en reacciones de descontaminación ambiental; adicionalmente, las modificaciones realizadas al dióxido de titanio alteran sus propiedades físicoquímicas y le otorgan nuevas propiedades, lo que le permite ser más activo en los procesos de descontaminación ambiental. La modificación del TiO2 por fluorización y/o adición de Pt, permite un aumento de la absorción de este material en la región visible del espectro electromagnético, también aporta nuevos centros activos a la superficie de los materiales, favorece la presencia de una mayor área superficial y evitando la sinterización de las partículas de material durante la calcinación y con ello la rutilización, lo que lleva a la formación preferencial de la fase Anatasa del TiO2. Respecto de la efectividad de los materiales fotocatalíticos sintetizados, se observó en general, que en los fotocatalizadores fluorizados se favorece la formación de la fase cristalina Anatasa, permitiendo una mayor degradación de las anilinas comerciales y una alta tasa de eliminación de microorganismos patógenos presentes en las aguas residuales analizadas. Lo anterior representa un aporte importante en la búsqueda de soluciones frente a las problemáticas ambientales que enfrenta actualmente el departamento y será una alternativa interesante que fomente la investigación aplicada e incentive el vínculo Universidad – Gobierno – Empresa - Comunidad. Cada uno de los resultados obtenidos se discutirán detalladamente a lo largo del presente documento.spa
dc.description.degreelevelMaestríaspa
dc.description.degreenameMagíster en Químicaspa
dc.description.notesBibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 81-87.spa
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfspa
dc.identifier.citationCely Macias, A. C. (2018). Estudio del efecto de los parámetros de síntesis sobre las propiedades físicoquímicas y fotocatalíticas de sistemas Pt-F-TiO2. (Tesis de maestría). Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja. http://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2496spa
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorio.uptc.edu.co/handle/001/2496
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherUniversidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiaspa
dc.publisher.facultyFacultad de Ciencias. Escuela de posgrados. Maestría en Químicaspa
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dc.rightsCopyright (c) 2018 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombiaspa
dc.rights.accessrightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessspa
dc.rights.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2spa
dc.rights.creativecommonsAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)spa
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/spa
dc.subject.armarcDióxido de titanio
dc.subject.armarcCompuestos de titanio
dc.subject.armarcFotocatálisis
dc.subject.armarcAlteración hidrotermal
dc.subject.armarcIngeniería de materiales
dc.subject.armarcCiencia de los materiales
dc.subject.armarcMaestría en Química - Tesis y disertaciones académicas
dc.titleEstudio del efecto de los parámetros de síntesis sobre las propiedades físicoquímicas y fotocatalíticas de sistemas Pt-F-TiO2spa
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestríaspa
dc.type.coarhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_bdccspa
dc.type.coarversionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85spa
dc.type.contentTextspa
dc.type.driverinfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisspa
dc.type.redcolhttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMspa
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